Criminal Intimidation, Insult, Annoyance and Defamation
(1) Making/publishing/circulating (including electronically) a false statement/rumour/report intending or likely to: cause armed-forces mutiny/dereliction; cause public fear/alarm inducing offences against the State/public tranquillity; or incite one community against another - is punished with up to 3 years' imprisonment, fine, or both. (2)-(3) The same specifically stoking religious/racial/language/regional/caste enmity is punished with up to 3 years, fine, or both, rising to up to 5 years plus fine if done in a place of worship. A good-faith exception applies where the person reasonably believed the statement true and had no prohibited intent.
This is a key anti-disinformation provision, directly criminalising spreading false rumours/statements (including online) that incite fear, panic, or communal hatred - with an important, carefully limited good-faith exception protecting someone who genuinely and reasonably believed a statement was true.
This section's good-faith exception is significant: someone who shares information they reasonably and honestly believed to be true, without any intent to incite fear or hatred, is protected even if the information later turns out to be false - the exception exists specifically to avoid criminalising honest mistakes, while still targeting deliberate or reckless disinformation.