False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice
(a) Instituting (or causing institution of) a criminal proceeding, or falsely charging someone with an offence, intending to injure them and knowing there's no just/lawful ground for it, is punished with up to 5 years' imprisonment, up to ₹2 lakh fine, or both. (b) If the false charge is for a death/life-imprisonment/10-year+ offence, punishment rises to up to 10 years' imprisonment plus fine.
This directly criminalises maliciously filing a false criminal complaint against someone purely to harm them - a genuinely important protection given how a false criminal accusation can devastate a victim's life, with a much harsher penalty when the false charge itself alleged a very serious crime.
This is directly relevant to disputes arising from fraud/scam reporting: someone who files a knowingly baseless criminal complaint against another person purely out of malice - for example, a scammer falsely accusing their own victim of a crime as retaliation for reporting them - faces serious liability under this section, with an even higher penalty if the false charge alleged a very serious offence.