📜 Official Text

(1) The relevant Legislature (Parliament or a State Legislature, per its own legislative competence) may by law create tribunals for disputes/complaints/offences on: tax levy/collection; foreign exchange and customs; industrial/labour disputes; land reforms; urban property ceilings; certain election matters (excluding Articles 329/329A); essential goods production/supply/pricing; rent and tenancy; related offences/fees; and incidental matters. (2)-(4) Such a law may create a tribunal hierarchy, define powers (including contempt), set procedure, exclude ordinary courts (except Supreme Court Article 136 jurisdiction), and transfer pending cases - overriding any other constitutional provision or law.