General Provisions
(1) Every offence definition and penal provision is understood subject to the "General Exceptions" chapter, even though not repeated each time. (3) Property in the possession of a person's spouse, clerk, or servant on their behalf counts as that person's possession. (5)-(6) When a criminal act is done by several people sharing a common intention, each is liable as if they alone did it - and where an act is criminal only due to criminal knowledge/intention, each person who joins in with that knowledge/intention is liable as if they alone did it. (7)-(9) Causing an effect partly by act and partly by omission is the same offence as causing it entirely by act; where an offence is committed through several acts, whoever intentionally cooperates in any one of them commits the offence; and where several people are involved in a criminal act, they may be guilty of different offences depending on their individual intent.
This sets out several foundational interpretive rules, most importantly the "common intention" principle: when multiple people commit a crime together with a shared plan, EACH person is legally liable for the whole crime as if they personally did every part of it - a crucial rule for prosecuting organised crime and gangs, including organised scam operations, where different members may play different roles.
In an organised scam call-centre operation, if several people share a common intention to defraud victims - one making calls, another collecting money, another laundering it - the "common intention" principle in this section means each participant can be held liable for the full offence of cheating, not just their own narrow role in it.